La Bataille de Deutsch Wagram 1809

La Bataille de Deutsch-Wagram 1809

© Marshal Enterprises 2018 https://labataille.me

La Bataille de Deutsch- Wagram 1809 © by Marshal Enterprise

The Publication does link La Bataille d’ Aspern-Essling 1809 and has a separate Operational Simulation

La Bataille de Deutsch-Wagram 1809© By Marshal Enterprises

Table of Contents

1. Cover Page 2. Introduction Page 3. A Night in the Feldlager 4. Restoring the Memory of Austrian Great Archduke Charles 5. The French Army of Italy 6. Game Specific Rules a. Special Rules b. Special Unit Types and Formations c. Morale Level Chart

d. Order of Battle

e. Archduke Johann’s Appearance

f. Marshal Massena’s Carriage

g. Acknowledgements

h. Map Configuration

7. Counter Values and Facing 8. Memorable Year 1809–France versus Austria

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© Marshal Enterprises 2018

La Bataille de Deutsch-Wagram 1809© By Marshal Enterprises

9. Marshal Massena “Preservationist” 10. Scenarios

a. Scenario One - Oudinot Attacks Baumersdorf b. Scenario Tw0 – Macdonald Crosses the Russbach c. Scenario Three - Marshal Bernadotte Storms Wagram d. Scenario Four – Macdonald’s Hollow Column e. Scenario Five - Davout Turns the Markgrafneusiedl f. Scenario Six - Johann's Surprise Arrival g. Scenario Seven - Main Battle w/ DTTB Map h. Scenario Eight - Main Battle w/ Aspern-Essling Maps i. Scenario Nine – Drive to the Bridges II i. Grand Tactical Rules and Map– Scenario 9 ii. Muster iii. Map

11. Premier Rules (Updated Aug 2018)

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© Marshal Enterprises 2018

La Bataille de Deutsch –Wagram 1809

A Night in the Feldlager by Unterleutnant Koch

After our Karl’s wonderful victory of May 21 – May 22, our regiment, the Hoch and Deutschmeister Infantrie, was assigned to the left wing of the Armee. We all settled down on the Russbach Heights and began constructing temporary quarters and gun emplacements for an extended stay. Who knows what the French will try next?

Our Jungen were lucky, as not many had been injured during the intense battle on the banks of the Donau. Our regiment was worn out thoroughly and received only a few replacements over the next four weeks. Since ours is an elite regiment, not all recruits met the standards of this ancient formation. We have spent the days since the battle, drilling our formations in the Battalion Masse and improving our positions overlooking the Marchfield plain. It is amazing how our area has grown from a simple campsite into a city of many necessities and diversions. Blacksmiths, tailors and cobblers mingle at the Bierstube with gamblers, money handlers and women who will listen to a soldiers troubles. Morale corruption abounds and that is what attracts so many. People from Wien and the surrounding area have crossed the river to escape the French and make some quick money. Don’t fear, the Priest comes by on Saturday to hear confessions and then everything will be absolved. Unfortunately by then, all of your Shillings will be gone.

It is July 4 today and after drill it is getting dark. I decide to visit several of the Feldlagers on the height. Each is the responsibility of a particular regiment. Each has its own rumors and notoriety. At the Wien Woods Landwehr feldlager, I get a tattoo and drink wine. At the Illyrian Grenz regiment a Gypsy woman tells me that I will live to an old age. This sound good to me as it should after a few more pitchers of beer and a knochwurst. She takes my hand and asks me if I am lonely.

Suddenly, I awake to the crash of artillery and beating of drums. It is early in the morning: I have a headache and my coin purse is gone! I need to find all of my uniform and boots. A Hauptman tells everyone to return to their regiment at once. “The French are across the Donau and in force!” As fast as I can (in my current state), I make my way to the 4 th regiment’s staging area. The battalions are assembling and the officers are barking orders. The time for the great battle is at hand. It is time to follow our good Karl and once again give Napoleon a thrashing.

Restoring the Memory of Austrian Great

Archduke Charles

Archduke Karl, Duke of Teschen

The greatest military figure of the Hapsburgs (Habsburgs) during the revolution and Age of Napoleon was the Erzherzog Karl (or anglicized Archduke Charles). Not only was he the first general to defeat Napoleon in a pitched battle, but his military and political influence was able to save the Austrian nation and preserve the hope that Napoleon and the French could be defeated. Those hopes were realized less than five years later in 1814, when Europe combined finally defeated the French. In large part, the organizational reforms initiated by Karl were able to sustain the large armies Austria was able to field in the campaigns of 1813 and 1814, not to mention that the veil of Napoleonic infallibility had been removed. However, in our viewpoint, Karl suffered from a lack of respect by both historians and Hapsburg apologists. His success in defeating Napoleon at Aspern-Essling in May of 1809 elucidates faint memories from both historians and Austrians alike. So we attempt

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to restore the memory of the Archduke Karl to its rightful place in the Pantheon of the Heroes of the Age of Revolution and Napoleon.

Caught Up In The Wars Of Revolution

Karl was the fifth issue of thirteen of Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II and his Spanish Empress, Maria Louisa. He was more or less adopted by his childless aunt, the Archduchess Marie Christine and her husband Albert, Duke of Saxe-Teschen. Karl would inherit this wealthy duchy after his aunt and uncle’s passing, and this would more than provide for his family for generations. Karl was also known as the Duke of Teschen, the namesake of a family preserve which would only disappear in 1918. This third son of an emperor and brother to another emperor was shunted off to the military, despite his shy and reticent nature. He, surprisingly and quickly, developed his military talents; and Karl would soon find himself caught up in the Wars of the Revolution. His older brother, Francis was the last Holy Roman Emperor and first Emperor of Austria. Karl was not close to his brother and they were frequently at odds with each other over both political and military issues. So despite his closeness to the throne, he, more often than not, found himself outside a closed door looking in to the management of the Hapsburg realms. Shunted outside the inner circle, Karl quickly focused his energies on his military talents. He commanded a brigade of Austrian grenadiers at the Austrian defeat at Jemappes in 1792. He commanded the Austrian advanced guard at the Coalition victory at Neerwinden less than a year later. In 1796 he defeated the French General Jourdan at Amburg and Wurzburg; later in the year defeating Moreau at Emmendingen. In 1799, he defeated Massena at First Zurich. His reputation was as the finest Austrian general In addition to his military exploits, Karl was briefly made the governor of the Austrian Netherlands before they were completely absorbed by the French Republic. Despite his incessant quarrels with his brother, the emperor Francis, Karl was able to start the Hapsburg realms in a nation-in-arms recruitment program. While not consistent and not embraced fully by the Austrian leaders, this was the model that eventually led to the large Austrian armies in 1809. His brother, the Archduke John had been defeated at Hohenlinden in 1801 and Karl was called upon to restore some sense of order to the Hapsburg position. Karl was able to negotiate the Armistice of Steyr, which was seen at the time by his countryman as a Nation-in-Arms Recruitment

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major accomplishment. He continued his work on the reform of the Austrian army during this time and after the Austrian defeat in the War of the Third Coalition in 1805.

Karl’s participation in this conflict was as the commander of the Austrian forces in Italy. There he faced the French Army of Italy under Massena. The French and Austrians battled at Caldiero on October 30, 1805. The battle itself was hard-fought as any battle involving Karl would be. However, Massena was able to closely follow Karl’s army back into Austria and keep it separated from the French around Vienna. Thus, Karl’s forces, which numbered nearly 85,000, were not able to assist the Coalition forces at Austerlitz, a considerable factor in the Coalition’s defeat.

Archduke Charles in 1809

As the Austrians moved towards war in 1809, it was only natural that the General, who had the most success against the French, would be given the overall command. Karl’s

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reforms had made sure the Austrians would have a large army. Karl’s problems would be, throughout the campaign, one of poor Austrian commanders. While Karl was a fine tactical commander, he could not be everywhere on the battlefield. As it was, he would often be the tactical commander in a local situation the Austrians would use. In game terms, Austrian commanders are poor in comparison to the French ones. However Karl is a good commander and needs to be used in certain situations. His tactical and morale ratings are the best the Austrians have. General Rapp in his memoirs writes that at Essling, Karl led many battalions of Hungarian grenadiers in charges to hold or take the village. The victory at Aspern-Essling by the Austrians is due in large part due to the personal bravery of Karl in leading those grenadiers. Karl opened the War of the Fifth Coalition in April 1809 with an invasion of Bavaria. He was successful for the first few days, when he faced Berthier, the commander of the Grand Armee while Napoleon was arriving on the Danube from Paris. But then Napoleon (and Davout) defeated the Austrians at Eckmuhl and Landshut and were able to occupy Vienna after a few weeks. Karl bounced back with a victory, no-doubt influenced by his personal bravery, at Aspern-Essling in late May of 1809. But Karl did not follow-up to attempt to finally defeat Napoleon after the decision at Aspern-Essling. Instead Karl waited six weeks and allowed Napoleon to bring up his Italian and Dalmatian armies and the French pummeled the Austrians at Wagram. This delay and caution by Karl has been criticized by military observers. Karl was also a theorist, but his theories were wrong. While Napoleon (and then Clausewitz) believed in destroying the enemy army; Karl believes in holding strategic points. So Karl nearly always held the key points, but the French army never was destroyed.

Retired FromMilitary Life At Age 37

After the defeat at Wagram, Karl could not escape the inevitability of Napoleon’s control of the pieces on the board, and the Austrians, at great cost, sued for peace. Karl, always quarreling with Francis, withdrew to his Teschen estates and retired from military life at the age of 37, save for a few months in 1815 when Karl was named the commander of the German fortress at Mainz during the 100 Days.

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Archduke Charles Statue in Vienna

His long retirement mainly seemed to be filled with the siring and raising of the collective royal broods of Europe. He died in 1847. The Austrians finally raised a statue to him in 1860. His strategic influence reached into the 1866 Seven Weeks War, but the Austrians suffered for that piece of his influence as the losers of the war and start of the decline of their influence in Europe.

A note on Aspern-Essling and Wagram

For many people today, it is hard to imagine a small country like Austria to have had controlled so many different lands in Europe. In addition to Hungary, Austria controlled parts of Poland; Germany; the Czech Republic; Slovakia; most of the Balkans; and for a time, the Netherlands. This is reflected in the composition of the Austrian Army commanded by Karl in 1809, post Aspern-Essling. This army was augmented by a variety of volunteers and ad-hoc units from around the Austrian Empire. The losses were very heavy for both sides at Aspern-Essling. While the French were pushed back, they could not be driven into the Danube by pursuing Austrian Korps. The French fell back to Lobau Island; and the Austrians suffered enough casualties to force them stop their attacks at that point. Both sides called up reserves and brought new formations into the line. Thus Karl did not feel confident enough to man the banks of

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the Danube with his entire army, or to start offensive operations against Lobau Island. Karl was hoping to strike lightning again in a bottle and catch the French trying to force their way across the Danube again. Thus the six week delay by Karl ensued. But while the Feldlagers were springing up like so many gold-rush towns amongst the Austrian lines, Karl would never have the opportunity to crush Napoleon before the French brought up The Army of Italy and The Army of Dalmatia and other formations and overwhelm the Austrians.

For Deutsch-Wagram, Napoleon has his army across the Danube and deployed for the coming battle. Karl is partially sitting on a very formidable defensive line and initiates offensive actions on both wings. Karl once again proves that is he is Austria’s superior commander and one of the best of the Coalition Generals. The Austrian player(s) will see for themselves whether Karl’s strategy has merit.

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The French Army of Italy: A Remembrance 1792 to 1814

The Army of Italy’s greatest victory in the War of the Fifth Coalition: The Battle of Raab

The French Army of Italy was probably, other than La Grande Armee itself, the most famous of the French armies which roamed the earth at the end of the 18 th and the beginning of 19 th Centuries spreading, depending on your point of view, enlightenment; revolution and terror. The French Revolution had attracted the early and hostile resistance of the collective crowned heads of Europe. Starting in 1792, the French nation was forced to fight wars of survival on every inch of its long borders with its neighbors, as well as deadly duels with its own peoples. The French would set-up stand-alone armies in every one of these areas. Thus, there might be The Army of the Eastern Pyrenees or The Army of the Alps to address the defense of a frontier, or The Army of the Interior , to address a political problem in a local area (the Wars in the Vendee). These armies could only be around for a few months; but in many cases took on a long life. The Army of Italy was one of these longer lived field armies; but it started off with a sketchy history.

This army was formed on September 29, 1792 when a corps from the Armee du Midi , under the command of General Jacques d’Anselme, located near the Var River close to

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The French Army of Italy: A Remembrance 1792 to 1814

the border of Piedmont, split off from the command of the the Midi formation. The War Department in Paris then on November 7, 1792 renamed the Var formation, The Army of Italy. By the end of the year, General Anselme and The Army of Italy captured Nice from Piedmont, and Nice has been, for the most part, included in Metropolitan France. From its founding to the arrival of General Bonaparte as the commander of The Army of Italy on March 27, 1796, The Army of Italy had 12 commanders, some more than once. Its fortunes swayed like the revolution itself, but prior to the arrival of General Bonaparte, The Army of Italy, after the taking of Nice, could not be called a successful organization. It was known for its bad morale, and had a reputation for looting and other sorts of mayhem. It was an army which could not be trusted.

The Arrival of General Bonaparte

Of course, General Bonaparte’s exploits changed all of that, and his campaigns in 1796- 97 and 1800 in Italy saved the revolution and solidified his subsequent regimes. After General Bonaparte left Italy to eventually invade Egypt, the command of The Army of Italy fell to a series of commanders, who only fared slightly better than the initial set of commanders the command had prior to Bonaparte’s command.

General Bonaparte as Army of Italy commander at Rivoli 1797

The one exception was the leadership provided by General Andre Massena when he commanded The Army of Italy in the spring of 1800 during his masterful defense of Genoa. His successful defense of that Italian port allowed The Army of the Reserve, under now First Consul Bonaparte, to slip into the Po Valley plain while the Austrians were tied up with Massena, and to defeat the Austrians at Marengo. As the Wars of Revolution conclude with Consul Bonaparte’s victory, over 30 different generals commanded The Army of Italy during the Revolutionary and Consular years.

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The French Army of Italy: A Remembrance 1792 to 1814

After the establishment of the French Empire and the Kingdom of Italy under French sponsorship, The Army of Italy would take more of an Italian influence. While significant numbers of French troops would continue to participate in The Army of Italy during the years of the Kingdom of Italy, Italian troops became an increasing proportion of the overall command, and key Italian formations like the Royal Italian Guard played an important role in the Campaigns of 1805; 1809; 1812; 1813 and 1814. This participation by the Franco-Italian forces occurred in Italy; Central Europe, Spain and in Russia. However, the most noteworthy consideration for The Army of Italy was that in 1809, the Viceroy of Italy and Napoleon’s step-son, Prince Eugene Beauharnais was named the commander of the famed formation. During the 1805 campaign, Marshal Massena had been the army commander, and defeated the Archduke John at Caldiero and then stopped John, with his 85,000 troops, from joining Kutuzov at Austerlitz.

Eugene as commander of the Army of Italy 1809-1814

In the 1809 campaign, Marshal Massena was already serving with La Grande Armee in Germany when the war broke out. The French command was strung out from Spain to Germany to Poland and there was a shortage of generals who could command a corps or army. Napoleon recalled General Jacques MacDonald from his imperially induced

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The French Army of Italy: A Remembrance 1792 to 1814

retirement as a military advisor to the young Viceroy Eugene. The choice of MacDonald proved to be advantageous to both the republican general and Eugene.

The Austrians in 1809 were again under the Archduke John. Austria had significant territorial aspirations to recover lands lost in the 1805 campaign. The Austrians had also hoped to divert the considerable French resources in Italy from making an appearance in the Danube Valley. Eugene started his campaign by losing to John at Sacile on April 16. However, Eugene would be a quick learner under the tutelage of MacDonald. There were several smaller battles that were not decisive. But then The Army of Italy defeated John at Caldiero (there were several battles at Caldiero in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars). Afterwards, John then felt compelled to leave Italy and try to reconnect with his brother’s main army in the Danube Valley. However, Eugene continued to apply pressure on John’s army; and John retreated into Hungary to cover Karl’s strategic left flank. On June 14, Eugene met John at Raab in Hungary. Eugene scored a substantial French victory on the anniversary of Marengo and Friedland, and was able to push John away from Charles’ army. Eugene’s army and MacDonald were able to join Napoleon before Wagram, where The Army of Italy contributed to Napoleon’s victory. The Army of Italy served with distinction in Russia—especially at Maloyaroslavets in October 1812, but by that battle, The Army of Italy had shrunk to a shadow of its June starting strength. Eugene, after bringing the remnants of La Grande Armee back to the Elbe in Germany in 1813, went back to Italy where another army would be formed. An Italian division raised in early 1813 was sent to serve with Bertrand’s corps in Germany. There, the division served through Leipzig before it evaporated due to its losses. Eugene was able to put together four divisions of troops in Italy for the Kingdom, but the formations were generally undersized and not very reliable. Eugene was secured for the first few months of 1813 by the knowledge that the Austrians were still neutral. When the Austrian joined the Coalition in August there were a series of smaller actions in the Illyrian provinces that were generally in favor of the Austrian General Hiller. Now Eugene’s army was plagued by desertion and poor leadership. By October, Eugene has lost the Illyrian Provinces and would slowly be pushed back in Northern Italy. Served With Distinction in Russia

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The French Army of Italy: A Remembrance 1792 to 1814

Eugene was finally able to stabilize the French position in the late fall, but by now Leipzig had occurred and the Italian troops in Germany were mainly gone. At Mincio in February 1814, The Army of Italy fought its last major battle. The Austrian General Bellegarde would try to push the French away from the Mincio River. He failed but the activity in Italy by the French was superseded by events in France. Napoleon’s abdication ended the history of The Army of Italy.

The Army of Italy and its exploits led to the rise of Bonaparte. Later as the house command for the Kingdom of Italy, The Army of Italy performed admirably in 1805 and 1809 and held its own in 1812, 1813 and 1814 under Eugene. Certainly nothing The Army of Italy did in its history led to the fall of Napoleon.

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Game Specific Rules

La Bataille de Deutsch – Wagram 1809

Marshal Enterprises

La Bataille Deutsch-Wagram 1809 - Special Rules

TERRAIN EFFECTS

MOVEMENT

Clear

1

Hamlet /Village / Town*

3 4

Grainary / Church*

Swamp**/***

4 Inf / Artillery and Cav. Prohibited 3 Inf / 4 Cav / Artillery Prohibited

Woods* Garden*

2 Inf / 2 Cav / 4 Art

Slope (Up or Down)

Inf +1/ Cav +2/ Art +3

Road

½ when in road march formation

Bridge

+2 to cross

Russbach Stream

Inf +4 / Cav +7 / Art Prohibited

Streams

Inf +2 / Cav +5 / Art +4

River (Danube)

Prohibited

Ford Inf +3 / Cav +4 / Artillery +3 Feldlager Inf. +3/ Cav. Prohibited / Art one hex per turn

*Infantry / Cavalry forms general order in this terrain. Units with a Skirmish Ability may Skirmish in these hexes if they so elect. ** Only Infantry in Skirmish Order may enter a Swamp Hex Type ***The Austrian Jägers / Grenz /Skirm. may always move one hex east or north, across the Russbach into any terrain (including swap) even though this would exceed their movement. Road March through a Hamlet, Village or Town is 2 movement points per hex

Note: The Russbach stream is outlined with black lines

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La Bataille Deutsch-Wagram 1809 - Special Rules

STACKING

Clear

1 Infantry Regiment or 18 Infantry Increments or 18 Cavalry Increments or 6 Artillery Increments or 12 Infantry & 1 Battery

Hamlet /Village / Town 1 Infantry Battalion or 6 increments of Infantry 4 Artillery Increments or

1 Infantry Battalion & 1 Battery 1 Lt Cav. Regiment

Feldlager (See Special Rules) Infantry Battalion or 6 increments of Infantry 4 Artillery Increments or

1 Infantry Battalion & 1 Battery

Aspern Church & Cemetery

1 Infantry Battalion or

Essling Granary

6 increments of Infantry Artillery and Cavalry may not enter

Swamp

1 Skirmish Infantry Battalion

Woods

1 Infantry Battalion or 1 Cavalry Regiment Artillery may not enter

Road

4 Increments in Road March

In Clear terrain no more than 3 Infantry Battalions may be stacked together regardless of total In Clear terrain no more than 3 Cavalry Regiments may be stacked together regardless of total (This means you may stack 3 x 6 increment Cavalry Regiments in a clear hex but not 4 x 4 increment Regiments.)

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La Bataille Deutsch-Wagram 1809 - Special Rules

INFANTRY UNIT FIRE VALUES

French

Ligne

Légère 4e Batt Légère 4e Batt Ligne

Column

Printed

Printed

Printed

Printed

Line

X 3 X 3

X 3 X 3

X 3 X 3

X 3 X 3

Carre

General Order

Printed

Printed

Printed

Printed

Skirmish

X 3

X3

Jeune Garde T G/C Fusilier G/C Vieille Garde G/C

Column

Printed

Printed

Printed

Line

X 3 X 3

X 4 X 4

X 5 X 5

Carre

General Order

Printed

Printed

Printed

Skirmish

X 3

X 3

X 5

French Allies

Saxons Hessian

Italine

Baden

Bavarians

Column

Printed

Printed

Printed

Printed

Line

X 3 X 3

X 2 X 2

X 2 X 3

X 3 X 3

Carre

General Order

Printed

Printed

Printed Printed

Skirmish

X3

X2

All Disordered formations fire at half strength

Austrian

Karl’s Legion Linie Grenz Jäger Grenadier Friewilliger Landwehr

Masse

Printed Printed Printed Printed Printed Printed Printed Printed Printed

Column

Line

X 3 X 3

X 3 X 4 X 4 X 3 X 4 X 4

Carre

X 2

General Order**

Printed Printed Printed Printed Printed Printed

Skirmish

X3 X4*

X2 X2

*Austrian Jäger are rifle armed and fire X4 adjacent, X3 at 2 hexes, and X2 at 3 hex range **Austrian Infantry in General Order in Towns/Villages/Hamlets fires at 150% of printed Disordered formations fire at half strength

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La Bataille Deutsch-Wagram 1809 - Special Rules

TERRAIN FIRE DEFENCE VALUES

Column Line

Carre

General Skirmish Disorder/Rout Artillery

Clear

9 4

12

14

6/8*

French

6

Austrian 6 Austrian Masse 5

Swamp Woods Garten Hamlet Village

12

14 16 16

10 12

10 10 10 12

12

6/8*

12 16 6/8*

14 14

16 16

7/9*

Town

8/10*

Granary / Church

16 18 18

Redoubt Feldlager

10

10/12*

8 12

9

7/9*

 *Artillery Fire Defenses are Limbered / Unlimbered  If a hex has infantry and artillery present, the Fire Defense is 2 less than for infantry alone unless the infantry formation is in Carre  Formations fired upon thru the flank have a fire defense of 6  Formations fired upon thru a rear are normal  Formations add 1 to the Fire Attack die roll for every increment in a target hex, over 9.  Formations in Road March have a fire defense of 4. FIRE ATTACK MORALE CHECKS

French Ligne Infantrie will check with every even numbered increment loss Légère Infantrie will check with every even numbered increment loss 4e Battalions will check with every even increment loss Jeune Guard will check with every even numbered increment loss Fusilier Guard will check with every even numbered increment loss Vieille Guard will check with every even numbered increment loss

Cavalrie Formations will check with every increment loss Artillerie Formations will check with every increment loss

French Allied Italine Infantrie will check with every even numbered increment loss Hessian / Baden Infantrie will check with every odd numbered increment loss Bavarian Infantrie will check with every odd numbered increment loss Saxon Infantrie will check with every odd numbered increment loss

Cavalrie Formations will check with every increment loss Artillerie Formations will check with every increment loss

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La Bataille Deutsch-Wagram 1809 - Special Rules

Austrian Linie Infantrie formations will check with every odd numbered increment loss Hungarian infantry formations will check with every even numbered increment loss Grenz and Jäger formations will check with every even numbered increment loss

Kavallerie formations will check with every increment loss Artillerie formations will check with every increment loss

Austrian / Hungarian Grenadier formations check every even numbered increment loss Freikorps, Freiwilliger, KL, Landwehr Formations will check with every increment loss CARRE REALIZATION TABLE

French

CARRE

DISORDER ROUT

When forming from Column 4 Movement Points

11-66 11-63 11-36 11-24

3 Movement Points 2 Movement Points 1 Movement Point

64-66 41-61 25-51

62-66 52-66

When forming from Line 4 Movement Points

11-56 11-42 11-25 11-15

61-66 43-54 26-52 16-44

3 Movement Points 2 Movement Points 1 Movement Point

55-66 53-66 45-66

Italine / Hessian / Baden / Bavarians / Saxons CARRE

DISORDER ROUT

When forming from Column 4 Movement Points

11-63 11-56 11-33 11-24

64-66 61-63 34-56 25-51

3 Movement Points 2 Movement Points 1 Movement Point

64-66 61-66 52-66

When forming from Line 4 Movement Points

11-53 11-36 11-25 11-15

54-63 41-51 26-52 16-44

64-66 52-66 53-66 45-66

3 Movement Points 2 Movement Points 1 Movement Point

Personalities subtract 6 from the die roll if present in the hex French Vieille Guard Battalions MINUS 9 from the die roll French 2e Div. Guard Battalions MINUS 4 from the die roll

French 4e Battalions ADD 3 to the die roll If Cavalry is Light ADD 3 to the die roll If Cavalry is Lance Armed ADD 6 to die roll If defender is on morale level ADD to the die roll 3 for each level Line of sight of cavalry on a Carre starts in the next hex when the cavalrie leaves the Carre

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La Bataille Deutsch-Wagram 1809 - Special Rules

Austrians

CARRE DISORDER

ROUT

When forming from line 4 Movement Points

11-62 11-44 11-31 11-24

63-65 66

3 Movement Points 2 Movement Points 1 Movement Point

45-61 32-54 25-45

62-66 55-66 46-66

Personalities subtract 6 from the die roll if present in the hex Austrians in Masse may not attempt to form Carre in the enemy phase Grenadiers minus 3 from the die roll Freiwilliger and Freikorps, may not form Carre during the enemy charge phase Landwehr may never form Carre If Cavalry is Light ADD 3 to the die roll If Cavalry is Lance Armed ADD 6 to die roll If defender is on morale level ADD to the die roll 3 for each level Line of sight of cavalry on a Carre starts in the next hex when the cavalrie leaves the Carre. CAVALRY RECALL

FRENCH

2-6 successfully recalls 2-6 successfully recalls 2-6 successfully recalls

FRENCH ALLIED

AUSTRIAN

Personalities who have a cavalry modifier and are commanders of the unit, add 1 to the die roll

CAVALRY CHARGE MORALE MODIFIERS

Condition Defending Infantry/Artillery Charged in flank: minus 12 to die roll Charged in rear minus 6 to die roll In skirmish order minus 12 to die roll In Line plus 3 to die roll In disordered state minus 6 to die roll In routed state unit suffers pursuit loss In square plus 6 to die roll If charged by Lancers minus 6 to die roll If charged by Heavy Cavalry minus 3 to die roll Charge across a Slope Hexside plus 3 to the die roll Charge into town, woods or swamp not allowed Charge into a Feldlager not allowed

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La Bataille Deutsch-Wagram 1809 - Special Rules

PRE MELEE MORALE CHECK MODIFIERS

Odds

Attacker minus 6 minus 3

Defender

1/2 1/1 2/1 3/1 4/1

plus 6 plus 3

plus 3 plus 6 plus 9

minus 3 minus 6 minus 9

5/1 & over

INFANTRY MELEE MORALE MODIFIERS:

Condition Modification to the Die Roll : Attacker Defender Defender is assaulted in flank Minus 12 Defender is assaulted in rear Minus 6 Defender is in Skirmish order No check Minus 6 Defender is in Line Minus 3 Defender is in Square Plus 6 Defender is Disordered Minus 3 Defender is Routed Minus 6 Attacker is assaulting up a slope Minus 2 Plus 2 Attacker is assaulting across a stream Minus 6 Plus 6 Attacker is assaulting across the Russbach Minus 12 Plus 12 Attacker lost an increment due to defensive fire Minus 3 for each Elite Infantry……. Morale of 15 or 16 Minus 6

Morale of 13 or 14 Minus 9 Morale of 11 or 12 Minus 12

MELEE VALUE MODIFIERS Summary:

Condition Modification to the Melee Value : Attacker Defender

Assaulted in flank Assaulted in rear

X 2

X 1.5

Disordered (Infantry / Artillery)

X .5

X .5

Road March

X .25

Infantry in Skirmish order

X .5

Infantry Attackers vs. Defender in Carre X 1.5 Infantry Routing

X .33

Cavalry Charge 3 hexes straight X 2 Heavy Cavalry attacks Light Cavalry (front hexside) X 2 Heavy Cavalry in line X .5 X .5 Cavalry is Tired X .5 X .5 Cavalry is Exhausted X .33 X .33 Cavalry Elects to stay Fresh X .33 X .33 Cavalry Attacker vs. Carre X .33

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La Bataille Deutsch-Wagram 1809 - Special Rules

Cavalry in Skirmish Order X .5 X .5 Cavalry in General Order X .33 X .33

ARTILLERY SPECIAL RULES

An Austrian Brigade Battery may limber with a roll of 5 or 6 An Austrian Schwer / Position Battery may limber with a roll of 6 An Austrian Kavallerie Battery may limber with a roll of 4, 5 or 6 A French Batterie á Pied may limber with a roll of 4, 5 or 6. A French Batterie á Cheval may limber with a roll of 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6. A French Batterie de la Guard may does not have to roll to limber. A French Allied Batterie a Pied may limber with a roll of 5 or 6.

All batteries which wish to limber must roll one die to do so. Leaders with an artillery bonus number add one to this roll. French Marechals, Grunne and Perl add two to the limber roll. Leaders of special ability add three.

Artillery Leaders of Special Ability; Napoleon, Sorbier, Duroc, Lauriston, Lariboisiere.

Special Terrain Types

Towns

The following hexes are designated as towns: Aspern, Essling and Stadt Gross Enzersdorf, and Deutsch-Wagram.

All other hexes which contain buildings are considered Villages.

Any single hex by itself is considered a Hamlet.

The church in Aspern and the Grainary in Essling are special terrain feature should you use the Aspern-Essling 1809 map.

Austrians in Towns and Villages

The Austrian Army was effective at digging into and fortifying strong points Austrian or Hungarian linie infantrie (not Gren . Grenz or Jägers )

 Austrian or Hungarian, line infantry plus two to the dice roll for any morale check.

 Austrian or Hungarian, line infantry printed fire values are multiplied by 1.5 during defensive fire when in towns and villages but not Feldlagers .

 Austrian Freiwilliger, Landwehr and KL add two to their printed morale value when in a town. They are much easier to control in the open rather than dispersed in a town. No change for village or hamlet.

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La Bataille Deutsch-Wagram 1809 - Special Rules

Bridges & Fords

Cavalry may not charge across a bridge. Bridges and fords are ignored for the purposes of melee, i.e. treat them as if they did not exist.

Swamps

Only infantry formations in Tirailleur (skirmish) order may enter swamp hexes. Units may not melee out of the swamp. Melee values attacking into or defending in the swamp are x .25 of printed.

Slopes

For this engagement, slope hexsides do not block line of sight. The elevation changes are very slight in this area.

Russbach Feldlager

There were almost six weeks between the battles of Aspern-Essling and Wagram. The Archduke Charles, victor of Aspern-Essling, was keeping a close eye on the French army on Lobau Island, as he waited out Napoleon for his next encounter. Charles had placed his large Austrian army in a circle on the vast Marchfeld plain surrounding the French fortifications on Lobau. There, the Austrians sat for many weeks before the next battle. The large Austrian battalions settled down into semi-formal camps. There, the days and nights passed on in the bivouacs, which were starting to take on the permanent air of settlements. These encampments would take on some semblance of defensive positions on the otherwise open Marchfeld during the Battle of Wagram, which, for the Austrians, was otherwise largely barren of natural or man-made defenses. These encampments are symbolized on the maps with their special hex markings. Here is how the Feldlager hexes are considered for play in Wagram:

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La Bataille Deutsch-Wagram 1809 - Special Rules

 Any infantry formation in a Feldlager is considered to be in general order or skirmish .  Cavalry is not permitted in a Feldlager nor is cavalry permitted to attack into a Feldlager.  Artillery is either limbered or unlimbered  Austrian Infantrie (battalions), Karl’s Legion and skirmishers are plus two to the dice roll for any morale check while in the Feldlager.  Austrian infantry firing out of a Feldlager do so at one point per increment. Austrian battalions may be in one or two hexes of the Feldlager.  Austrian battalions may be accompanied by one artillery battery which may be place in one or two hexes to reflect the Austrian infantry composition in the Feldlager.  The Austrians do not have to perform a pre-melee defensive moral check if in the Feldlager  The French receive no additional morale, defense or offensive advantage for being in the Feldlager.  Feldlagers block line-of-sight  Feldlagers have front and rear hexsides . When attacked by fire or melee through the rear hexside, treat the Feldlager as clear terrain. The Feldlagers are two hexes and the rear has doted lines. While not wide, the steep banks of this stream prohibit artillery crossing except at fords and bridges. Infantry forced to retreat across the stream is disorded and may incur additional increment losses. The losses depend on the attacker’s die roll.  For each retreated infantry battalion (not in skirmish order): Cavalry retreated by combat across the Russbach is routed. Fords and bridges across the Russbach only facilitate movement. For any combat or retreat, proceed as if the ford or bridge did not exist.  Consult the INFANTRY MELEE MORALE MODIFIERS table for effects on combat. o if the attacker’s roll is even – one additional loss. o if the attacker’s de roll is odd – two additional loses. Russbach Stream (defined by a black outline with the blue stream)

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La Bataille de Deutsch-Wagram 1809

Special Unit Types and Formations Each of the national armies fighting in this campaign has a unique quality and tactical doctrine which is revealed in the rules and will necessarily change the perspective and play of the contestants.

Elite Infantry Troops

A well trained and experienced infantry formation was able to refrain from firing until the command was given, at close range. The discipline of elite troops and their ability to hold fire to the critical moment of an assault despite loses, made them the ultimate reserve. Elite infantry troops are defined as those with a printed morale, without modification, of 11 through 16 . When an elite unit fires defensively against any attacking hex and the attacker suffers a loss, the pre-melee morale check of all units participating in that attack, are impacted.

The effect is that all the attacking units in this case suffer a negative adjustment to the pre-melee morale check. The exact adjustment depends based on the morale of the defending unit with the lower the defender’s morale number, the higher the negative adjustment. A 15 or 16 morale is minus 6; a 13 or 14 minus 9: an 11 or 12 is a minus 12. These minus values are applied as modifiers to the attacker’s morale for each increment the attacker lost due to the Defensive Fire Attack. When an elite unit attacks, the opposite is true. If the attacker inflicts a loss the pre-melee morale check of all the defending units are impacted utilizing the relationship identified above. The attacking units must however have stacking points in a relationship of at least 1 to 1 of the defender.

If an elite unit is the attacker against an elite unit, this rule does not apply. In the event of an elite vs. an elite , the attacker has the standard modifier of minus 3 for each fire increment loss.

Cavalry Recovery of Readiness

Cavalry may not recover a level of readiness if it is in an enemy zone of influence or is under fire as a target of an offensive or defensive attack (feu).

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La Bataille de Deutsch-Wagram 1809

Austrian Freiwilliger, Landwehr and Karl’s Legion Troops

After the Battle of Aspern – Essling, Erzherzog Karl looked to replace losses and increase the size of his army. In many cases he used part time troops to bolster regiments and add battalions. The value of these troops varied from expert marksmen clubs to groups that drilled once per month. None were full time, professional soldiers. Due to the soldier’s late mobilization and limited training, these Austrian troops are restricted to specific formations which they may adopt.

Freiwilleger and Karl’s Legion may only be in Column ; General Order; Skirmish; Carre; Masse or Marche Order . These troops do not have the option of forming into line.

Only the Freiwilliger or Karl’s Legion battalions that have a range factor of two, on the specific side of their counters, may enter Skirmish formation .

The Freiwilliger may not make any type of voluntary formation change during an enemy phase, i.e. they may not form Carre during an enemy charge sequence. They must stand in their formation using the mandated morale check procedure. Carre may be formed in the Freiwilliger’s movement phase.

Landwehr may not form Carre, Masse or Line at any time.

Austrian Tactical Formations

It is very important for the Austrian player to understand and use these formations.

In accordance with the Instructionspunkte für die kk Armee zur Campagne des Jahres 1794 , the doctrine is for Austrian and Hungarian infantry to attack and defend while in line formation. Many reforms were implemented but their use was sporadic. Freiwilliger infantry had only received the most elemental training. Grenadiers were well trained troops.

The basic line formation regulations apply to all Austrian Infantry and Grenadiers at the battle. These include fire defense, movement and fire multiplier.

 When charged by enemy cavalry Austrian Infantry and Grenadiers may not attempt to form C arre from either column or battalion masse or divisional masse . They may freely form Carre from line when charged or during their own movement phase, by paying for the formation change.  In compliance with the standard Premier ME rules all Austrian or Hungarian Infantry and Grenadiers in Line formation are minus two from their printed movement value.

 Austrian or Hungarian Infantry, in line, subtract three from the printed (column) morale values

 Austrian or Hungarian Grenadiers do not have any morale modifiers for being in column or line.

 Infantry battalions in line may occupy three hexes if they have at least four increments in each hex. The result (morale, melee) of any individual hex affects the entire battalion.

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La Bataille de Deutsch-Wagram 1809

Austrian or Hungarian (Linie or Grenadier) Battalion Masse

Based on the Tactical Reforms of Archduke Charles, as detailed in the 1807 Exercier-Reglement, the Battalion Masse has the following characteristics;  Only battalions may use this formation, and only in clear terrain. One battalion in a hex.  The Battalion Masse faces a hexside. Use an informational counter to designate, when the battalion is in Masse.

 A Battalion Masse has 3 front and 2 flank and 1 rear hex sides.

 The Battalion Masse will exert a zone of influence into the three hexes adjacent to their front.  Battalion Masse moves at minus two from the printed value; fires as a column; and has a fire defense of 5 from all orientations.

 Battalion Masse may only form Carre , during the friendly movement phase.

 Only Austrian or Hungarian Line Infantry may form Battalion Masse

 When an enemy cavalry combat formation charges a Battalion Masse , the infantry must check morale in an attempt to stand in its current formation, and when doing so adds 3 to the die roll. All other charge modifiers apply.  Cavalry does not receive the doubling bonus for having charged in a straight line for the last three hexes, when attacking an Austrian Battalion Masse formation from the front hexsides.  Cavalry which melees a Battalion Masse has the cavalry melee value X.5 after adjustment for losses. Lancer rules effect a Battalion Masse. The melee multipliers for flank and rear still apply in combination with the X.5 .

 Artillery may not stack with units in Battalion Masse

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La Bataille de Deutsch-Wagram 1809

Austrian or Hungarian (Line or Grenadier) Divisional Masse

 Only battalions may use this formation and only in clear terrain. One battalion to a hex.

 The Divisional Masse faces a hex vertex. Use an informational counter to designate, when the battalion is in Masse.

 A Divisional Masse has 4 front and 2 rear hex sides.

 The Divisional Masse will not exert a zone of influence into hexes adjacent to their front.

 Divisional Masse moves at plus one to the printed value; fires as a column; and has a fire defense of 6 from all orientations.

 Divisional Masse may only form Carre during the friendly movement phase.

 When an enemy cavalry combat formation charges a Divisional Masse , the infantry must check morale in an attempt to stand in its current formation and when doing so adds two to the die roll. All other charge modifiers apply.  Like with a Carre , charging or moving cavalry may move adjacent, then on top of and then adjacent to the Divisional Masse depending on movement points. The Divisional Masse fires defensively at each forward location or when cavalry is in the same hex. See Rule 15 Carre.  The Divisional Masse fires x 1.5 column value of the increments in the hex when cavalry is in the same hex. Cavalry treats the Divisional Masse Formation as an enemy Carre for all purposes except as outlined herein. In real terms the cavalry rides through the formation the same as a Carre .  Cavalry does not receive the doubling bonus for having charged in a straight line for the last three hexes when attacking an Austrian Divisional Masse formation.  Cavalry which melees a Divisional Masse has the cavalry melee value X.75 after adjustment for losses. Lancer rules effect a Division Masse. The melee multipliers for flank and rear still apply in combination with the X.75 .

 The Divisional Masse cannot voluntarily enter a zone of influence.

 Artillery may not stack with units in Divisional Masse

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