La Bataille de Friedland et Danzig 1809

La Bataille de Friedland 1807 Includes le Siege de Danzig 1807 By Marshal Enterprises www.labataille.me

Published 2014

La Bataille de Friedland 1807 © CD Table of Contents

1. Historical Essay -The 1806 -1807 Campaign 2. La Bataille de Friedland a. Technical Special Rules b. Scenarios (6 each) 3. Le Siege de Danzig 1807 a. Technical Special Rules b. Siege Rules c. Saphead Progress Chart d. Allocation Charts e. Increment Tabulation f. Random Events

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La Bataille de Friedland 1807 © CD Table of Contents

g. Combat a la Melee (Danzig) 4. Designer’s Essay – Command in the La Bataille System 5. Historical Essay- The World in 1807 6. Premier Rules

7. Counter Value Summary 8. Counter Facing Diagram 9. Melee Hand Charts 10. Fire Hand Chart 11. Passage of Time Recorder 12.

Historical Essay - Russian Tactical Doctrine

13. Acknowledgements

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The 1806-1807 Campaigns: The Long, Hard Road From Auerstadt to Friedland

Lieutenant Jean Marin, assigned to Prince Berthier’s staff as an aide-de- camp, was on horseback and on the road to a small East Prussian town called Friedland with other members of the Marshal’s General Staff early in the morning on June 14, 1807. Marin had been at war since late September of 1806---nearly nine months—and it seemed like a lifetime to him. While slowly moving towards Friedland in the quiet of the early day through the forested East Prussian terrain, Marin reflected upon the campaign and his own busy role in how it had played out. The steady rhythm of horses moving down the road; the soldiers quietly marching; and the creaking of wagons slowly rolling towards this east ern end

of Prussia just short of Russia had both excited the young officer and filled him with fear. He was anxious to achieve victory and glory for his Emperor and country; but he also knew he had been in too many battles, and his luck, especially against the savage Russians, might run out. The steady trot of his own mount almost put Marin into a meditative trance; and for this young and up and coming officer, he knew this road to Friedland, could be the last path he might follow. His participation in what is called today as the Jena to Friedland campaign had started off well enough. Marin had first been assigned to Marshal Louis-Nicholas Davout’s III Corps as an aide-de-camp posted to Davout’s headquarters as the campaign in Saxony against Prussia began. He had fought at the great and frantic battle of Auerstadt on October 14, 1806. This battle was accompanied by many French casualties, and was by no means as easy and Napoleon’s victory had been in the same day at Jena. Assigned by Davout to seek out Marshal Bernadotte, as Auerstadt was winding down with the momentous French victory, Marin had dutifully made his way to Marshal Bernadotte and his I Corps just a few miles away. Marin reached him just in time for Marin to take part in another French victory at Halle. After Bernadotte’s victory, Marin participated in Bernadotte’s great pursuit of the General Gebhardt von Blucher’s Prussian remnants across the plains of Brandenburg to the neutral Hanseatic City of Lübeck near the Baltic Coast. There was one more great battle fought with the French again defeating the Prussians at Lübeck . The stubborn Blucher finally surrendered with the phrase, “I capitulate as I have no more food and no more ammunition.” Marin also witnessed the great Sack of Lübeck, in which the French destroyed that city, which had been one of the jewels of the Hanseatic League. Marin also noted Bernadotte’s befriending of troops from the small Swedish contingent captured during the last stages of that battle. He had been involved in three great battles and several smaller ones and had witnessed momentous events that would change history. From that point, Marin’s life only became more difficult. Still assigned to Bernadotte, Marin fought at the battles of Soldau and Mohrungen in East Prussia. He was witness to the Russian General Bennigsen’s general winter offensive which shook the French out of their winter quarters and forced them to fight an intense snow-bound campaign. He participated in Bernadotte’s flurry of action throughout Poland and eastern Prussia in the early part of 1807. It seemed as if every passing day would be filled with encounters with criminal Cossaques or another Russian frenzied attack.

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The Hell At Eylau Without realizing that his life was going to be even more dangerous, Marin had welcomed his much deserved reassignment to Prince Berthier’s staff in early February 1807 as an aide. He saw his promotion as a chance to lessen his daily exposure to deadly battles, while performing a valuable service for his country. However, that was not to be. Literally just a few days after joining Berthier’s staff, Marin became witness to the hell of the battle at Eylau. There he was wounded. His were minor wounds suffered compared to the carnage of 20,000 other French soldiers who either perished or were seriously injured at Eylau. The French were finally able to go into their winter quarters. However Marin, still recuperating from his wounds, would instead be sent by Prince Berthier to visit the Siege of Danzig, another Hanseatic jewel city, where Marin would spend several weeks in April and May assisting Marshal Lefebvre during that grim episode. Deprivation and desperation in Danzig had been the order of the day for both French and Coalition forces. Dealing with the rats and Gypsies was even more dangerous than clashing with the Coalition forces. Marin was only too happy to leave the newly captured French city upon its fall, and shortly after Danzig fell, Marin was only gladdened to rejoin Berthier’s staff just as the June campaign started. However, there would be no respite from the hum of activity and battle. Quickly upon his return, Marin participated in the horrible battle of Heilsberg. That was just a few days earlier. Marin counted himself fortunate not to have been one of the many French fallen at Heilsberg. So now, just three days after that battle, he was marching toward Friedland and fate, along with 66,000 other French forces. Marin’s fear should not be considered unreasonable, as Marshal Enterprises explained in a 2014 article in ATO magazine about the Friedland campaign, “The French, while virtually destroying the Prussians in the fall of 1806, had not been able to drive the Prussian ally's army, the Russians, from the field. The Russians inflicted the French with a major check--if not a full defeat-- at the Battle of Eylau in February of 1807, and the seemingly endless campaign by the French to clear out historic Poland of Russians and Prussians in February and March exhausted and discouraged the French army while dulling the fine edge Napoleon had put on his La Grande Armee'.” More importantly for Napoleon and the French, the basic realities of the war had changed. The war started with the French almost within gunshot of the French frontier, close to their rich, overflowing supply depots. The Saxon and Brandenburg countryside offered a bounty of forage for French cavalry and a wealth of rich foodstuffs to feed the hungry French. However, with the war having moved to Poland and East Prussia in 1807, the supply lines had become much more tenuous for the French; and Thorn or Modlin could hardly compare to Frankfurt or Strasberg for overflowing warehouses and wineries. Also undermining the French Army was the start of major demographic changes. As Napoleon required more troops to assist in guarding his lines of communication and to besiege fortresses like Danzig, the French proportion of the overall army declined. Again from the ATO article of 2014, “Napoleon brought more soldiers to the theatre, and significant to these new levees was the increasing proportion of non- French soldiers being placed in La Grande Armee.

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For example, Marshal Francois Lefebvre's X Corps besieging Danzig in the spring, had only 10,000 Frenchmen out of the total of roughly 30,000 soldiers. The rest of troops were made up of diverse group of Italians; Saxons; Poles; Badeners and other German levies. While the French had assembled a large army in eastern Poland and East Prussia, some of those troops were watching the Pruss ians still in Konigsberg; they had similar numbers of troops in garrisons and watching the lines of communic ations west of La Grande Armee.” Bennigsen Never Reticent To Battle Marin’s fear, and the fear of the other French soldiers, was based upon what their experience with the Russians had been in 1807. Bennigsen could never be accused of being reticent or unwilling to challenge the fate of the Russian armies to battle. His behavior during both the January -February campaign and the early stages of the June campaign was that of an aggressive attacker, always ready to give battle. Both campaigns saw the Russians immediately go on the offensive. While Marin and the other Frenchmen suffered from the fear of Russian onslaughts , their leader had a different approach. Napoleon saw Bennigsen’s overt aggression as an opportunity to spring a trap on the wily Hanoverian. Even before the battle of Heilsberg a few days earlier, Napoleon had determined what he should do with Bennigsen. Again from the ATO article, “As the French historian Georges Blond described in La Grande Armee , Napoleon set out his maps of the area on the ground and studied them silently for more than 30 minutes. "He had just worked out his entire scheme --not just for Heilsberg, which in his mind was no more than a transient element in the plan, but as far as another town along the Allee which he had chosen for the general and decisive battle to 'finish it'--Friedland." So Napoleon, even before dealing with the messy and bloody business that was Heilsberg, was already planning and executing the moves that would lead to Friedland. Another French historian, Henri Lachouque wrote in the last century of Friedland,..."we note that, of the imperial battles, it was, perhaps the only one which by the simplicity of its plan, the speed of its development, the decisiveness of the result compares with Austerlitz. The latter is the model of defensive battles, fought on ground studied at leisure. The former is the model of the offensive battle, fought according to improvised dispositions on a battlefield chosen at a glance. Both bear the stamp of a willingness to combine, to conduct, to consummate by an artistic maneuver a single, decisive battle.”

Thus, while Marin and the rank and file fretted about their future, Napoleon had made up his mind how Friedland would play out. Bennigsen, however, while continuing to be aggressive in his thinking and behavior, was reactive and not aware of what Napoleon was doing in the preliminaries to Friedland. The base of the Russian operations was at Friedland, a good sized town nestled in a bend of the river Allee. Bennigsen’s position and his subsequent, almost trance-like behavior during the next day or so would seal the Russians’ fate. The ATO article had this comment about the Russian plan…” Bennigsen's tactical position was compromised by several items. First, there was only a

limited ability to cross the Allee with one bridge at Friedland and few pontoon bridges available. The Russians had effectively moved almost all of their army into a position out which there was no real escape. Second, the French would have higher ground and better visibility for their guns later in the battle. Finally, there was a sizable stream which effectively cut the Russian into two parts. As it turned out, the

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commander of the Russian left wing, the Georgian Peter Bagration, would not able to support Bennigsen, since Bagration's command was isolated from the Russian main body due to its position on wrong side of the stream.” Lt. Marin was not near the opening of the battle early on the morning of the 14 th . But he could hear the pre-dawn cannonade rumbling to the east of where he was at not too far from the still-stench filled Eylau battlefield. Marshal Lannes was commanding the forces comprising what would be the French left during Friedland. His first troops on the field approaching Friedland included Oudinot’s elite Grenadiers. Cossaques Scavenging Through The Refuse of War Lannes and Oudinot were finally able to push eastward on the Eylau road by mid-morning. They took the key junctions and crossings approaching Friedland and seized the key positions on the upcoming battlefield. Marin had approached the battlefield near the Sortlack Wood with Berthier’s command. He could see roaming bands of Cossaques off in the distance, picking off stragglers or looting dead bodies. It was sight he saw many times in the past 9 months—whether the Russians won or lost, the Cossaques were always there, like human buzzards, scavenging through the refuse of war. Marin was not one of the aides sent off to advise General Emmanuel Grouchy on the extensive cavalry moves the French initiated on their right flank near Heinrichsdorf. That village covered the northwest road to Konigsberg and its possession by the French would not allow any reinforcements into the area from that city, and it would force the Russians to fight the French on Napoleon’s terms. Rather, Marin was used by Berthier’s staff several times as a conduit of information between the French headquarters and Marshal Michael Ney and General Alexandre Senarmont as they prepared their final assault against the Russian center. By late in the afternoon, Senarmont was able to deploy his guns in a grand battery at virtually canister shot range. Senarmont’s fire was deadly and Bennigsen saw his left destroyed with the remnants of that wing streaming into the streets of Friedland. Many Russians drowned while attempting to cross the impassable Allee, and the battle was soon over.

So where was Marin during the denouement of the battle? He had fought with Ney throughout the late afternoon and was carried into the Friedland as the Russians collapsed. Finally noting that the battle was over, he sought permission to return to Berthier’s headquarters. While on his way back to Berthier, who was then northeast of Friedland, Marin, then by himself, rode his mount quickly through an area with few troops. There he encountered a small troop of Cossaques who were stripping corpses—French and Russian alike—of whatever valuables might be there. Seeing a live person for a change, they gave chase to Marin, and with their light, quick horses were able to overtake Marin. While Marin put up a spirited fight, he could not

fend off four Cossaques armed with short lances, and his life ended in the furthest reaches of East Prussia at age 24. His body was recovered the same day that Napoleon met Alexander on the barge at Tilsit. For France, Friedland had been an expensive undertaking. There were thousands like Marin who would never return to their homeland. For that reason alone, Napoleon felt compelled to make a peace rather than continue on. Tilsit was a false peace and the next several years would prove it so.

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La Bataille de Friedland 1807

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La Bataille de Friedland 1807 TERRAIN EFFECTS MOVEMENT

Clear

1

Hamlet /Village / Town*

3

Pine Forest*

2 Inf / 5 Cav / 3 Cossacks / Artillery prohibited

Garten*

2 Inf / 2 Cav / 4 Art Inf +2/ Cav +3/ Art +4

Slope

Road

1/2

Bridge **

1

Alle Fluβ (river)

Prohibited see special rules

Mühlen Fluβ *** (stream)

Prohibited

Stream

Inf +3 / Cav +5 / Art +4

Temp Foot Bridge Pontoon Bridge

Inf 3 Inf 2

Ford

Inf +6 / Cav +8 / Art + 4

STACKING

Clear

1 Infantry regiment or 18 Infantry increments or 1 Cavalry regiment or 18 Cavalry increments or 6 Artillery increments or 12 Infantry & 1 battery 1 Infantry battalion or 1 Cavalry regiment or 1 Battery or

Hamlet /Village / Town* Garten*/ Cegielnia

1 Infantry battalion & 1 battery Artillery prohibited in Cagielnia

Pine Forest*

1 Infantry battalion or 1 Cavalry regiment

Road / Bridge / Footbridge 4 Increments in Road March In Clear terrain no more than 3 Infantry battalions may be stacked together regardless of total In Clear terrain no more than 3 Cavalry regiments may be stacked together regardless of total (This means you may stack 3 x 6 increment Cavalry regiments in a clear hex but not 4 x 4 increment Regiments)

*Infantry / Cavalry forms general order in this terrain. Units with a Skirmish Ability may Skirmish in these hexes if they so elect.

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** Combat formations must be in road order to cross a bridge *** No combat formation may cross a hexside of the Mühlen Fluss unless there is a temporary footbridge in place. This rule covers every hexside of the Mühlen Fluss from the Friedland

Lake to the most northeastern hex of the Village of Posthenen Road March through a Hamlet, Village or Town is 2 mp per hex

INFANTRY UNIT FIRE VALUES

French

Oudinot Gren/Volt

Ligne

Legere

Guard

Column

Printed

Printed

Printed

Printed

Line Carre

X 3 X 3

X 3 X 4

X 3 X 4

X4 X5

General Order

Printed

Printed

Printed

Printed

Skirmish

X 3

X 3

X 4

Disordered formations fire at half strength

Sassen

Polska

Wurzburg

Column

Printed

Printed

Printed

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Line Carre

X 3 X 3

X 3 X 4

X 2 X 2

General Order

Printed

Printed

Printed

Skirmish Disordered formations fire at half strength

Russian

Musketeer Jäger

Grenadier

Gd Jäger

Guard

Column

Printed

Printed

Printed

Printed

Printed

Line Carre

X 2 X 2

X 3 X 3

X 3 X 3

X 4 X 4

X3 X4

General Order

Printed

Printed

Printed

Printed

Printed

Skirmish

X 3

X 5

Disordered formations fire at half strength

TERRAIN FIRE DEFENCE VALUES

Column Line Carre General Skirmish Disorder/Rout Artillery

Clear

6 9 4

12

14 16 16 16 16 16

6/8* N/A 6/8*

Pine Forest

10 14

Garten Hamlet Village Town Cegielnia

10 10 10 12 14

14 12 12 14 16

16 6/8*

7/9* 8/10*

*Artillery fire defenses are Limbered / Unlimbered If a hex has infantry and artillery present, the fire defense is 2 less than for infantry alone unless the infantry formation is in Carre Formations fired upon thru the flank have a fire defense of 6 Formations add 1 to the fire attack die roll for every increment in a target hex, over 9. Formations in Road March have a fire defense of 4. Formations fired upon thru a rear are normal Any unit on any type of bridge has a fire defense of 4 FIRE ATTACK MORALE CHECKS French Ligne infantrie will check with every even numbered increment loss Legere infantrie will check with every even numbered increment loss Oudinot’s Grenadier / Voltigeur Infantrie will check with every even increment loss Guard Infantry will check with every even numbered increment loss Cavalrie formations will check with every increment loss

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Artillerie Formations will check with every increment loss French Confederation Sassen Allies will check with every odd increment loss Wurzburg infantrie will check with every increment loss Polska infantrie will check with every even numbered increment loss. Cavalrie formations will check with every increment loss Artillerie formations will check with every increment loss Russian Musketeers will check with every loss beginning with the 2nd suffered Jaegers will check with every even increment lost. Grenadiers check morale with every even increment loss Guard Infantry check morale with every odd loss beginning with the 3 rd suffered

Cavalry Formations will check morale with every increment loss Artillery Formations will check morale with every increment loss

CARRE REALIZATION TABLE French When forming from Column 4 Movement points 11-66 3 Movement points 11-66 2 Movement points 11-43

CARRE DISORDER ROUT

44-61 32-54

62-66 55-66

1 Movement point

11-31

When forming from Line 4 Movement points

11-64 11-45 11-32 11-22

65-66 46-61 33-55 23-53

3 Movement points 2 Movement points 1 Movement point

62-66 56-66 54-66

Russians

CARRE DISORDER ROUT

When forming from Column 4 Movement points 11-55

56-64 43-56 31-46 23-52

65-66 61-66 51-66 53-66

3 Movement points 2 Movement points 1 Movement point

11-42 11-26 11-22

When forming from Line 4 Movement points

11-66 11-66 11-34 11-31

3 Movement points 2 Movement points 1 Movement point

35-55 32-46

56-66 51-66

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Personalities subtract 6 from the die roll if present in the hex Jägers, Legere and all Grenadiers MINUS 3 from the die roll Oudinot’s Grenadier & Voltigeurs MINUS 3 from the die roll Guard battalions MINUS 6 from the die roll French Allies ADD 3 to the die roll If Cavalry is Light ADD 3 to the die roll If Cavalry is Lance Armed ADD 6 to die roll If defender is on morale level ADD to the die roll 3 for each level

CAVALRY RECALL

FRENCH

2-6 successfully recalls 2-6 successfully recalls 3-6 successfully recalls

FRENCH ALLIES

RUSSIAN Light Cavalry RUSSIAN Heavy Cavalry 2-6 successfully recalls Personalities who have a cavalry modifier add 1 to the die roll

CAVALRY CHARGE MORALE MODIFIERS

Condition

Defending Infantry/Artillery minus 12 to die roll minus 6 to die roll minus 12 to die roll plus 3 to die roll minus 6 to die roll unit suffers pursuit loss

Charged in flank: Charged in rear In skirmish order Defender In Line In disordered state In routed state

In square

plus 12 to die roll plus 6 to die roll minus 6 to die roll minus 3 to die roll

Across a steam hexside If charged by Lancers If charged by Heavy Cavalry

Charge into town, woods or swamp

not allowed

PRE MELEE MORALE CHECK MODIFIERS Odds Attacker Defender 1/2 minus 6 plus 6 1/1 minus 3 plus 3

2/1 3/1 4/1

plus 3 plus 6

minus 3 minus 6 minus 9

5/1 & over plus 9

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INFANTRY PRE MELEE MORALE MODIFIERS:

Condition

Modification to the Die Roll : Attacker Defender

Defender is assaulted in flank Defender is assaulted in rear Defender is in Skirmish order Defender is in Line Sassen Defenders in Line Defender is in Square Defender is Disordered Defender is Routed

Plus 12 Plus 6

Minus 12 Minus 6

No check Minus 6

Minus 3

Plus 3

Plus 6 Plus 3 Plus 6

Minus 3 Minus 6

Attacker is assaulting up a slope Attacker is assaulting across a stream

Minus 3 Plus 3 Minus 3 Plus 3

Attacker lost an increment due to defensive fire Minus 3 for each Elite infantry inflicts a greater reduction for each loss (see special unit types) INFANTRY MELEE VALUE MODIFIERS:

Condition

Modification to the Value : Attacker Defender

Defender is assaulted in flank Defender is assaulted in rear Defender is in Skirmish order Defender is Disordered Cavalry charge 3 hexes straight Heavy cavalry attacks light cavalry Cavalry attacker is tired Cavalry attacker is exhausted Cavalry defender is tired Cavalry defender is exhausted Cavalry attacker vs Carre Defender is Routed

X 2

X 1.5

X .5 X .5

X .33

X 2 X 2 X .5

X .33

X .5

X .33

X .5 X .66 X 1.5 X .66

Cavalry attacker across a stream hexside Infantry attackers vs Defender in Carre Infantry attacking across a stream hexside

MORALE LEVELS

French Imperial Guard

12 battalions

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

2 battalions lost or routed minus 0 to all morale rolls 5 battalions lost or routed minus 3 to all morale rolls 7 battalions lost or routed minus 6 to all morale rolls

French I Corps

26 battalions

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

5 battalions lost or routed minus 3 to all morale rolls 10 battalions lost or routed minus 6 to all morale rolls 25 battalions lost or routed minus 9 to all morale rolls

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French VI Corps

21 battalions

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

4 battalions lost or routed minus 3 to all morale rolls 8 battalions lost or routed minus 6 to all morale rolls 12 battalions lost or routed minus 9 to all morale rolls

French VIII Corps

16 battalions

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

3 battalions lost or routed minus 3 to all morale rolls 6 battalions lost or routed minus 6 to all morale rolls 10 battalions lost or routed minus 9 to all morale rolls

French Reserve Corps

28 battalions

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

6 battalions lost or routed minus 2 to all morale rolls 12 battalions lost or routed minus 4 to all morale rolls 17 battalions lost or routed minus 6 to all morale rolls

Romanov Left Wing

48 battalions

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

10 battalions lost or routed minus 4 to all morale rolls 19 battalions lost or routed minus 6 to all morale rolls 29 battalions lost or routed minus 8 to all morale rolls

Romanov Center

60 battalions

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

12 battalions lost or routed minus 4 to all morale rolls 24 battalions lost or routed minus 6 to all morale rolls 36 battalions lost or routed minus 8 to all morale rolls

Romanov Right Wing

30 battalions

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

6 battalions lost or routed minus 4 to all morale rolls 12 battalions lost or routed minus 6 to all morale rolls 18 battalions lost or routed minus 8 to all morale rolls

La Bataille de Friedland 1807 Battle Specific Rules:

Special Unit Types and Formations Elite Infantry Troops- Well trained and experienced infantry troops were able to refrain from firing until it had its most devastating impact. This rule reflects the discipline of Elite troops and their ability to hold fire to the critical moment of an assault. Elite infantry troops are defined as those with a printed morale, without modification, of 11 through 16 . When an Elite unit fires defensively against any attacking hex and the attacker suffers a loss, the pre-melee morale check of all units participating in that attack, are impacted.

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The effect is that all the attacking units in this case suffer a minus to the pre-melee morale check. The exact minus is determined based on the morale of the defending unit. A 15 or 16 morale is minus 6, a 13 or 14 minus 9, a 11 or 12 is a minus 12. These minus values are applied as modifiers to the attacker’s morale for each increment the attacker lost due to the Defensive Fire Attack. When an Elite unit attacks, the opposite is true. If the attacker inflicts a loss the pre-melee morale check of the defender all the defending units are impacted utilizing the relationship identified above. When an Elite unit is the attacker against an elite unit, this rule does not apply. In the event of an Elite vs an Elite , the attacker has the standard modifier of minus 3 for each fire increment loss. Russian Dragoon’s Ability- The Russian Dragoons had a demonstrated ability to fight as more than a mounted wave of assault troops. The Russian Dragoons have a “Sk” on the top of the specific side of their counter. This value permits them to adopt an infantry type skirmish mode in 2 hexes. When they are sitting on a hex side with their specific side facing up, a Dragoon Regiment of 6 increments or less will assume to have 2 increments in each of the two hexes. A Dragoon Regiment of 7 increments or larger will assume to have 3 increments in each of the two hexes. The Dragoon has a fire value equal to 2 factors per increment. Combine all factors which are firing on a single target hex. This is not a “cavalry skirmisher” formation as defined in the Cavalry Tirailleurs (20). For all fire aspects the unit is assumed to be infantry in skirmish order. The dragoon unit may not charge, reaction charge, opportunity charge, or melee in any fashion. If an enemy cavalry unit charges the dragoon, or attempts to melee the dragoon, the Russian checks his morale, at the moment of contact. If successful, the Russian Dragoon then may retreat up to his movement value away from the enemy, and at the end of this movement assumes a column formation. If unsuccessful the Russian Dragoon will rout it full movement away from the enemy. This special ability may only be used when the Dragoon is in either clear or pine forest terrain. Russian Jägers- Russian Jägers deployed into the buildings unlike their Infantry counterparts . Therefore Russian Jägers in a village hex must be in Skirmish Order, never General Order . The entire unit deploys into the number of built-up hexes detailed by the phasing player. They have no rear or flank hexsides while in the village or town. The Jägers however do count for stacking if a unit stops in the hex. Units that move through the town or village will not be overstacked as a result of the Jägers. Russian Cossaques- The Russian Cossaque regiments that are present in the game are irregular cavalry. Based upon that premise please apply the following series of adjustments to their use and interaction with other units within the structure of the game. The Cossaques will check morale whenever an infantry formation which is not disordered, or an artillery unit fires at the Cossack. It does not require the result of a casualty to force the morale check. In addition if the Cossaque suffers a casualty due to the fire it routs .

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Further Cossacks may not charge infantry that is in good order from any orientation, or unlimbered artillery into a front hexside of the enemy. Cossaques have a different movement rate in the Forest than other Cavalry types. French Grenadiers / Voltigeurs ( combined elite companies)- The French combined elite companies which form the 1 st Grenadier Division of the Reserve Corps, have been assembled by combining 4 elite companies from different regiments into ad hoc battalions for the campaign. General of Division Oudinot leads these battalions. Many of the battalions have the ability to skirmish and many are elite infantry. Foreign Confederation Infantrie in French Service- - The Allied states of Saxony (Sassen) and Wurzburg have embraced the cause of liberty, joining with the French Army to secure their sovereignty against their aggressive neighbors. The Poles are fighting to re-create a country destroyed by the partitioning of their homeland. For purposes of the game these units are all considered as Foreign Allies in French Service. Sassen Infantry- These troops have been trained and have fought under the Prussian system for several generations. Their Officers and NCO know of no other way. It was only last year they were fighting in the Prussian Army. They are most comfortable in line formation and as such their printed morale values are improved by 3 in all regards for morale checks when they are in line. Polska and Romanov Infantry Melee- The Soldiers fighting for a free Poland saw the declarations by the French Republic and their Emperor as the Polish people’s only hope for an independent state. After Russia participated in the partition of Poland, the Russian Army and Cossacks had been especially harsh on the population. To the Polish soldier the choices were victory with revenge or slavery. Therefore to simulate the commitment of the Polish Armies please use the following rules if they engage in any combat with the Russians: After a melee result with a numerical result, including zero, then role a single die...a 1 or 2 result would mean each side would lose another increment.

All other results are as indicated on the Assualt a’ Melee Table Terrain Mühlen Fluβ

The Mühlen Fluβ runs mostly west to east through the middle of the battlefield. This is a freshwater stream which had steep banks and a deep fast current. The stream separated the two major engagements of the battle, and it was considered a formidable barrier to formed troops. No combat unit or personality may cross the stream between the Alle Fluβ and the first hex of the Village of Posthenen, without using one of the Russian Foot Bridges. Pontoon & Foot Bridges On the evening before the battle the Russians placed 3 pontoon bridges over the Alle Fluβ and 4 foot bridges over The Mühlen Fluβ. The 4 foot bridges may only be used by infantry types or personalities, and the movement costs are contained upon the movement chart.

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The 3 pontoon bridges placed across the Alle Fluβ may only be used for Infantry or personalities as well, and again the movement costs are on the movement chart. Cavalry and Artillery must use the permanent bridge or a ford to cross the Alle. If a combat unit is on a pontoon bridge and is the target of a fire attack, a step loss by the Infantry will also result in a increment of damage on the pontoon bridge. When the bridge takes 3 increments of damage it is removed from play. If an Infantry unit is on the bridge when it is removed from play, the Infantry unit is considered to be eliminated as well. Pontoon or Foot bridges may be destroyed by either side if they are adjacent to them. During a player’s movement phase, simply make the statement I am eliminating this bridge, and pick it up off the map. Fords There is the possibility of the Russians Locating 2 fords across the Alle Fluβ during the battle. Once a turn either a Cossaque above the Town of Friedland ( south side ) or a Hussar below the town the Friedland (north of town) may attempt to locate a ford across the Alle. This is done by placing the unit on a hex adjacent to the River and rolling 2 dice during the hourly command phase. The unit must be rested and not plus grande disorder in order to roll. A single attempt may be made each hour, no more. If the die roll is 11-26 a ford is located and may be used as soon as the next friendly movement phase. If a roll is 31 or above the Cavalry loses one increment to the river and are Plus Grande Disorder . Further the unit is exhausted following his attempt regardless of success. The Cossaques may begin making their attempt west and south of Sortlack beginning at the 11:00 AM Movement . Hussars may begin making the attempt north of Friedland beginning at the 5:00 PM Movement . Units which cross a ford must check morale. If they fail, the unit loses 1 increment to the river, and adopts a Plus Grande Disorder morale state, and make a rout move back to the side of the river they started the movement phase on. Only a single ford may be found North of the permanent bridge in Friedland, and only a single Ford may be found South of the permanent bridge in Friedland. This is a total of 2. Towns, Villages and Hamlets The following are designated as towns: Friedland, and Heinrichsdorf. All other hexes which contain buildings are considered Villages. A single hex by itself is considered a Hamlet. Cegielnia This hex is a Brickworks where bricks are manufactured and fired. Only infantry types may enter this hex, and they must adopt either General or Skirmish Order. Assaulting and Occupying Friedland All hexes of Friedland have the following modification of the basic rules. When a unit i s defending in General Order in Friedland it does not make a pre melee morale check if attacked. Once located with the successful roll, any unit may use a ford.

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Further infantry may freely move from one enemy zone d’ influence to another if they have the movement points to do so. The movement will provoke an opportunity fire attack, by the non-phasing player. Infantry does not have to stop movement when they enter an enemy zone of influence if that hex is a hex of Friedland..

Artillery Special Rules A Russian Light Battery may limber with a roll of 5 or 6 A Russian Horse Battery may limber with a roll of 4, 5 or 6 A Russian Position Battery may limber with a roll of 6 A Russian Guard Battery may limber with a roll of 3, 4, 5 or 6. A French Batterie á Pied may limber with a roll of 4, 5 or 6. A French Batterie á Cheval may limber with a roll of 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6. A French Batterie de la Guard may does not have to roll to limber . A French Allied Batterie may limber with a roll of 5 or 6.

Leaders with an artillery bonus add one to the die roll for attempting to limber.

French Marechals, Bagration, Docturov and Gortchakov add one to the limber roll.

Artillery Leaders; Pernety, Labroissiere, Senarmont, and Koutaissov add two to the die roll.

Napoleon adds 3 to the die roll

La Grande Armée Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, King of Italy Grand-Marechal du Palais, Général de division Duroc Marechal Berthier, Prince de Neuchatel

General de Brigade Sanson Général de Division Savary Général de Division Reille Général de Brigade Mouton Général de Brigade Bertrand General de Brigade Pannetier Général de Artillerie Pernety

Imperial Guard Marechal d’Empire Jean-Baptiste Bessieres, duc d’Istrie Aide de Camp Général de Brigade Roussel

Infantrie de la Guard Général de Brigade Dorsenne

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1ere Grenadier à Pied 2e Grenadier à Pied 1ere Chasseur à Pied 2e Chasseur à Pied Fusilier Chasseur Fusilier Grenadier

Cavalrie de la Guard Général de Division Walthier

Grenadier à Cheval Chasseur à Cheval Empresses Dragoons Gendarmes d’Elite Mamelouk

Artillerie de la Guard Général de Brigade Laiboissiere 1ere Co / Artillerie a Cheval de la Guard 2e Co / Artillerie a Cheval de la Guard 3e Co / Artillerie a Cheval de la Guard 4e Co / Artillerie a Cheval de la Guard 5e Co / Artillerie a Cheval de la Guard 6e Co / Artillerie a Cheval de la Guard I Corps de Armee Général de Division Claude Victor-Perrin Aide de Camp Général de Brigade Maison Général de Artillrie Senarmont

1ere Division Général de Division Dupont

9e Legere 24e Ligne 32e Ligne 96e Ligne

6e Co / 1ere Artillerie a Pied 11e Co / 1ere Artillerie a Pied 2e Division Général de Division Lapisse

16e Legere 45e Ligne 8e Ligne 54e Ligne

1ere Co / 8e Artillerie a Pied 2e Co / 3e Artillerie a Cheval 3e Division Général de division Villatte 27e Legere

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63e Ligne 94e Ligne 95e Ligne

2e Co / 8e Artillerie a Pied 3e Co / 3e Artillerie a Cheval

I Corps de Armee Legere Cavalrie Brigade Général de Brigade Beaumont

2e Hussar Regiment 4e Hussar Regiment

5e Chasseur à Cheval Regiment 1ere Co / 2e Artillerie a Cheval

VI Corps de Armee Marechal d’Empire Michel Ney Aide de Camp Général de Brigade Du Taillas

1ere Division Général de Division Marchand

6e Legere 69e Ligne 39e Ligne 76e Ligne

2e Division Général de Division Bisson 25e Legere

27e Ligne 50e Ligne 59e Ligne

3rd Division Général de Brigade Brun 31e Legere

VI Corps de Armee Artillerie Reserve 9e Co / 1ere Artillerie a Pied 10e Co / 1ere Artillerie a Pied 12e Co / 1ere Artillerie a Pied 1ere Co / 2e Artillerie a Cheval 5e Co / 2e Artillerie a Cheval VI Corps de Armee Legere Cavalrie Brigade Général de Brigade Colbert 3e Hussar Regiment

10e Chasseur à Cheval Regiment 15e Chasseur à Cheval Regiment

VIII Corps de Armee

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Marechal d’Empire Edouard Casimir Joseph Mortier Aide de Camp Général de brigade Godinot

1ere Division Général de Division Dupas

4e Legere 15e Ligne 58e Ligne Garde de Paris

Würzburg Infantry Regiment 7e Co / 1ere Artillerie a Pied 8e Co / 1ere Artillerie a Pied 2e Division Général de Division Dombrowski

2e Polska Regiment 3e Polska Regiment 4e Polska Regiment 3e Polska Artillerie a Pied

VIII Corps de Armee Legere Cavalrie Brigade Général de Brigade Fresia 2. Nederlandse Hussar Regiment 2. Nederlandse Kuirassier Regiment 1ere Polska Chasseur à Cheval Regiment 2e Polska Uhlan Regiment 2. Nederlandse Horse Battery

Reserve Corps de Armee Marechal d’Empire Lannes Aide de Camp General de Brigade Marbot

1ere Provisoire Grenadier Division Général de Division Oudinot

1ere Provisoire Grenadier 2e Provisoire Grenadier 3e Provisoire Grenadier 4e Provisoire Grenadier 5e Provisoire Grenadier 6e Provisoire Grenadier 7e Provisoire Grenadier 8e Provisoire Grenadier 2e Division General de Division Verdier 2e Legere 12e Legere 3e Ligne 72e Ligne

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3. Sassen Division GL Polenz

Bevilaqua Sassen Infantrie Regiment Cerrini Sassen Grenadier Battalion Sussmilch Sassen Grenadier Battalion

9e Hussar Regiment

Reserve Corps Artillerie Reserve 1ere Co / 1ere Artillerie a Pied 5e Co / 1ere Artillerie a Pied

2. SassenBatterie a Pied 3. Sassen Batterie a Pied

Cavalrie de la Reserve 1ere Heavy Cavalry Division Général de Division Nansouty 1ere Carabinier Regiment 2e Carabinier Regiment 2e Cuirassier Regiment 9e Cuirassier Regiment 3e Cuirassier Regiment 12e Cuirassier Regiment 4e Co / 2e Artillerie a Cheval 1ere Dragoon Regiment 2e Dragoon Regiment 4e Dragoon Regiment 14e Dragoon Regiment 20e Dragoon Regiment 26e Dragoon Regiment 2e Co / 2e Artillerie a Cheval 2e Dragoon Division Général de Division Grouchy 1ere Dragoon Division: Général de Division Latour-Maubourg

3e Dragoon Regiment 6e Dragoon Regiment 10e Dragoon Regiment 11e Dragoon Regiment

4e Dragoon Division Général de Division Lahoussaye

17e Dragoon Regiment 27e Dragoon Regiment 18e Dragoon Regiment 19e Dragoon Regiment

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3e Co / 2e Artillerie a Cheval

Sassen Kavalrie Oberst Besser Leib Kuirassier Regiment Karabinier Regiment Prinz Johann Chevauleger Regiment

Russian Army of the Fourth Coalition General der Kavallerie Leontii Leontievich Freiherr von Bennigsen GL Essen I GM Steinheil MG Koutaissov MG v. Chilebowski MG Lowenstern Col. Vasily Sergeyevich Trubetskoi Left Wing of the Army GL Prince Bagration Aide de Camp General Prince Shakhovski

Advanced Guard Division Baggavouth GM Baggavouth 3 rd Jaeger Regiment 4 th Jaeger Regiment 7 th Jaeger Regiment 24 th Jaeger Regiment St Petersburg Guard Militia Battalion Pavlovgrad Hussar Regiment Advanced Guard Division Raevsky GM Raevsky

5 th Jaeger Regiment 20 th Jaeger Regiment 23 rd Jaeger Regiment 25 th Jaeger Regiment 26 th Jaeger Regiment Guard Jaeger Regiment Grodno Hussar Regiment Horse Battery 1

Advanced Guard Support Division GM Markov I Pskov Musketeer Regiment Tenguinsk Musketeer Regiment Kostroma Musketeer Regiment Staroskolsk Musketeer Regiment Moskva Grenadier Regiment

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Second Division GL Count Ostermann

Pavlov Grenadier Regiment Rostov Musketeer Regiment Petersburg Grenadier Regiment Jelets Musketeer Regiment

Position Battery #3 Position Battery # 4 Light Battery #4 Light Battery #5 Left Wing Cavalry GM Kogine Kiev Dragoon Regiment Tartar Uhlan Regiment

Ekaterinoslav Cuirassier Regiment Little Russia Cuirassier Regiment Horse Battery #2

Sissoiev #2 Don Cossaque Grekov # 4 Don Cossaque Popov #7 Don Cossaque

Center Position of the Army GL Docturov Colonel Zapolskoi First Division Imperial Russian Guard GL Mallutin Preobrazhenskoi Guard Regiment Semenovski Guard Regiment Velikaluka Musketeer Regiment Pernau Musketeer Regiment Ismailov Guard Regiment Guard Grenadier Regiment Kexholm Musketeer Regiment Guard Position Battery #1 Guard Position Battery #2 Imperial Russian Guard Cavalry GL Kollogirvov Garde a Cheval Cuirassier Regiment Chevalier Guard Cuirassier Regiment Emperor Cuirassier Regiment

Guard Hussar Regiment Guard Uhlan Regiment Guard Cossaque Regiment Guard Horse Battery #1 Guard Horse Battery #2

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Third Division GM Titov II Tauride Grenadier Regiment Lithuanian Musketeer Regiment Kaporsk Musketeer Regiment Mourmansk Musketeer Regiment Tchernigov Musketeer Regiment Dnieper Musketeer Regiment

Position Battery #11 Position Battery #12 Light Battery #9 Light Battery #10 Light Battery #11

Seventh Division GL Essen III Ekaterinoslav Grenadier Regiment Moskva Musketeer Regiment Vladimir Musketeer Regiment Voronej Musketeer Regiment

Position Battery #5 Position Battery #6 Light Battery #6 Light Battery #7 Light Battery #8

Eighth Division GM Engelhard Schusselburg Musketeer Regiment Old Ingermanland Musketeer Regiment Polodsk Musketeer Regiment

Position Battery #7 Position Battery #8 Position Battery #9 Position Battery #10 Cavalry of the Center GL Prince Galitzin Colonel Bezobrazov

Hussar Division GM Lambert Alexandrov Hussar Regiment Isoum Hussar Regiment Olivopol Hussar Regiment Horse Battery #3 Dragoon Division GM Muller-Zakomelski Pskov Dragoon Regiment

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Moscow Dragoon Regiment Military Order Cuirassier Regiment Polish Uhlan Regiment Horse Battery #4 Right Wing of the Army GL Prince Gortchakov I Colonel Yusupov Sixth Division GM Lovov Belosersk Musketeer Regiment Nisov Musketeer Regiment Revel Musketeer Regiment Bialostock Musketeer Regiment Vilna Musketeer Regiment

Position Battery #1 Position Battery #2 Light Battery #1 Light Battery #2 Light Battery #3 Fourteenth Division GM Somorov

Riazan Musketeer Regiment Ouglich Musketeer Regiment Sophia Musketeer Regiment Tula Musketeer Regiment Wilna Musketeer Regiment Position Battery #13

Light Battery #12 Light Battery #13

Cavalry of the Right Wing GL Uvarov GM Yurkovskoi

Hussar Division GM Lourkovski Soum Hussar Regiment Elizabethgrad Hussar Regiment Lithuanian Uhlan Regiment Horse Battery #5

Dragoon Division GM Dolgorouky

Kazan Dragoon Regiment Riga Dragoon Regiment Courland Dragoon Regiment Horse Battery #6

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Gordeiev #2 Don Cossaque Grekov # 8 Don Cossaque Popov #9 Don Cossaque

Platov Cossacks Ataman Platov Ataman Cossaque

Illowaiski #2 Cossaque Illowaiski #4 Cossaque Illowaiski #5 Cossaque Illowaiski #8 Cossaque Illowaiski #9 Cossaque Sissoiev Don Cossaque Malachov Don Cossaque Andronov Don Cossaque Don Cossaque Horse Battery #1

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La Bataille de Friedland 1807

La Bataille de Friedland 1807

Scenarios Table of Contents 1. La Grande Bataille ………………………………………. (page 2) 2. The Königsberg Road .......... ………………………… .(page 6) 3. Sortlack Wood ……………………………………………….(page 8) 4. Ney’s Late Afternoon Attack on Friedland ...(page 9 ) 5. Early Morning Skirmish .....................................(page 11) 6. Bennigsen Withdraws …………………………………..(page 12 )

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La Bataille de Friedland 1807

Scenario One – La Grande Bataille (Largely historical)  Start 9:00 am and finish 8:40 pm  Boundary – use all maps  Movement suggestions – with 4

players: 10 minutes for the French and 8 minutes for the Russians

Empire of the French Starting Positions

 MdE Lannes and Staff; with 1ere and 2e Provisional Grenadier Regiments; 9e Hussars of the Reserve Corps d’ Armee within 5 hexes of FR

 GdD Grouchy; placed with the 2e Dragoon Division within 5 hexes of FG  GdB Fresia; placed with the Nederlander Cavalrie Brigade within 5 hexes of FF  GdD Besser; placed with the Sassen Grosse Cavalrie; and the 7e and 8e Provisional Grenadier Regiments; all placed within 5 hexes of FB  GdD Oudinot; with the 3e and 4e Provisional Grenadiers; and the 1ere Co and 5e Co of the 1ere Artillerie a Pied; all placed within 5 hexes of FO in road march  GdD Nansouty; placed with the 1ere Grosse Cavalrie Division within 5 hexes of FN  GdD Dupas; placed with the 1ere Division of the VIII Corps d’ Armee within 5 hexes of FD Imperial French Reinforcements – All Imperial French Reinforcements will arrive on the map in road march order on the Straße nach Prüßisch-Eylau.  9:00 am…GdD Lahoussaye; placed with the 4e Dragoon Division  9:20 am… 5e & 6e Provisional Grenadier Regiments of Oudinot’s Division; and GdB Colbert; placed with the IV Corps d’ Armee Cavalrie Brigade  9:40 am…GdD Verdier; placed with the 2e Division of the Reserve Corps d’ Armee  10:20 am… MdE Mortier and staff; with GdD Dombrowski; and the 2e Division of the VIII Corps d’ Armee  10:40 am… GdD Polenz; with the 3 rd Sassen Division of the Reserve Corps d’ Armee; and the Sassen Artillery Batteries.  11:40 pm… Emperor Napoleon Iere with his staff; placed with the Gendarmes d’ Elite  12:20 pm… GdD Marchand; placed with the 1ere Division of the VI Corps d’ Armee  12:40 pm… MdE Ney and staff; GdD Bisson; placed with the 2e Division of the VI Corps d’ Armee

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La Bataille de Friedland 1807

 1:00 pm… GdB Brun; placed with the 3e Division; and the VI Corps d’ Armee Atillerie Reserve.  1:20 pm… GdD Latour-Maubourg; placed with the 1ere Dragoon Division  1:40 pm… GdB Beaumont; placed with the Cavalrie Brigade of the I Corps d’ Armee  2:oo pm… GdD Dupont; placed with the 1ere Division of the I Corps d’ Armee  2:20 pm… GdD Villatte; placed with the 3e Division of the I Corps d’ Armee  2:40 pm… GdD Victor and staff; GdD Lapisse; placed with the 2e Division of the I Corps d’ Armee  3:20 pm… MdE Bessieres and his staff; GdB Walthier; placed with the Cavalrie de la Garde Imperiale  3:40 pm… GdB Laiboissiere; placed with the Artillerie de la Garde Imperiale  4:00 pm… GdB Dorsenne; placed with the Infantrie de la Garde Imperiale

Friedland - French Optional Arrival Chart One hour before individual formations of troops are to arrive, roll one die to establish the arrival time. Troops arriving at 9:00 am to 9:40 am are not affected.

1… arrive 20 minutes late 2… arrive 40 minutes late 3 or 4… no change

5… arrive 2o minutes early 6… arrive 40 minutes early These results are not revealed to the Coalition unless the Coalition has light cavalry or ossaques within 12 hexes of the Straße nach Preußch-Eylau entry hex. Coalition Starting Positions (All at 9:00 am) The Army of the Romanovs ( Русский императорской армии ) is divided into a center and two wings. These locations include all the associated personalities’ and combat formations of the organization listed: GdK Baron von Bennigsen and staff in Friedland  The Russians may place 3 pontoon bridges over the Alle Fluß (river) to provide an additional means to cross the river to and from Friedland. These are placed prior to the placement of any troops and may not be moved once placed.

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